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Table 1 Animal studies examining neuroprotection by hydrogen

From: Potential application of hydrogen in traumatic and surgical brain injury, stroke and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

Author

Year

Model

Species

Effects of H2

Proposed Mechanism

Ji et al. [14]

2010

TBI

Rat

Brain edema↓, neurological deficits↓

H2 increased endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities

Eckermann et al. [18]

2011

SBI

Rat

Brain edema↓, neurological deficits↓

None proposed

Ohsawa et al [21]

2007

tMCAO

Rat

Brain infarction↓, neurological deficits↓

H2 selectively inhibited OH-

Matchett et al. [23]

2009

tMCAO

Rat

Tendentially reduced brain infarction

None proposed

Chen et al. [24]

2010

tMCAO

Hyperglycemic rat

Hemorrhagic transformation↓

H2 reduced hyperglycemia

Liu et al. [22]

2011

tMCAO

Rat

Brain edema↓, infarction↓, neurological deficits↓

ROS↓, inflammation↓, apoptosis↓

Manaenko et al. [27]

2011

ICH

Mouse

Acute brain edema↓, neurological deficits↓

None proposed

Zhan et al. [28]

2012

SAH

Rat

Acute brain edema↓, neurological deficits↓

BBB permeability↓, ROS↓, apoptosis↓

Matchet et al. [23]

2009

HI

Mouse

No beneficial effects

None proposed

Cai et al. [31]

2008

HI

Rat

Brain infarction↓, apoptosis↓

H2 selectively inhibited caspase activity

  1. Utilized models include traumatic brain injury (TBI), surgically induced brain injury (SBI), transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI)