The role of Volatile Anesthetics in Cardioprotection: a systematic review

Van Allen, Nicole R; Krafft, Paul R; Leitzke, Arthur S; Applegate, Richard L; Tang, Jiping; Zhang, John H

doi:10.1186/2045-9912-2-22

Medical Gas Research

Table 1 Studies of the effects of Volatile Anesthetic Pretreatment relating to Akt, ROS, and ERK Mechanisms in cardioprotection

From: The role of Volatile Anesthetics in Cardioprotection: a systematic review

Model	Anesthetic	Interventions	Mechanism	Length of ischemia	Infarct size	Ref #
Isolated, perfused rat hearts with IR injury	Sevoflurane	Compound C, MPG	AMPK, eNOS	35 min	/	[24]
Isolated human right atrial trabeculae with IR injury	Sevoflurane & desflurane	MPG	ROS	30 min	/	[26]
Isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes with oxidative stress	Desflurane & sevoflurane	MPG	ROS	/	/	[31]
Global rabbit cardiac IR injury	Isoflurane	Wortmannin & LY204002	Akt & Bcl-2	40 min	41% control	[32]
					22% APT
Isolated rat ventricular myocytes with hypoxia, hydrogen peroxide or neutrophil exposure	Isoflurane	H2O2 or neutrophils	Akt & Bcl-2	/	/	[33]
Inner mitochondrial membranes from isolated human left ventricles	Isoflurane	H2O2, ATP	ROS & KATP channel	/	/	[34]
Isolated right ventricular rat trabeculae with IR injury	Sevoflurane	KB-R7943 or SEA0400	PKC, Na+/Ca2+ channel	40 min	/	[35]
Isolated guinea pig hearts with IR injury	Sevoflurane	Superoxide dismutase, catalase & glutathione	ROS	30 min	49% control	[36]
					25% APT
Isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes	Isoflurane	N-acetyl cysteine, carnosine, superoxide dismutase, & catalase	ROS, sarcolemmal KATP channel	/	/	[37]
Isolated rat ventricular myocytes with IR injury	Isoflurane	MPG	Ca2+, ROS	30 min	/	[38]
Isolated guinea pig hearts with IR injury	Sevoflurane	Chelerythine, PP101, PP149	ROS, PKC	30 min	/	[39]
Isolated rat trabeculae with IR injury	Sevoflurane	Chelerythine, 5-HD, MPG	ROS, mPTP, PKC	30 min	/	[40]
Isolated rat trabeculae with IR injury	Sevoflurane	L-tyrosine, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, & L-NAME	ROS & NOS	30 min	50% control	[41]0
					18% APT
Regional rat cardiac IR injury	Desflurane	Calphostin C, PD98059	PKC, ERK1/2	25 min	57% control	[42]
					35% APT

Please note that “/” indicates that either this information was not printed or did not apply to the study. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR); Anesthetic Pretreatment (APT); Wortmannin & LY204002, PI3K inhibitors; hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); MPG, ROS scavenger; reactive oxygen species (ROS); Compound C, AMPK inhibitor; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); KB-R7943 & SEA0400, Na+/Ca2+ channel inhibitors; N-acetyl cysteine, carnosine, superoxide dismutase & catalase (radical scavengers); PP101, PKC-δ inhibitor; chelerythrine (PP149), PKC-ϵ inhibitor; 5-HD, K_ATP channel blocker; mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP); L-NAME, NOS inhibitor; calphostin C, PKC blocker; PD98059, ERK1/2 inhibitor.

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ISSN: 2045-9912

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