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Table 3 Studies of HBOT in animal models of experimentally-induced colitis

From: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and analysis

Author, year, country

Animal used

Number of animals

HBOT parameters

Comments/outcomes

Akin et al. 2002 [55], Turkey

Rat

42

2.0 ATA 100% oxygen; 2 h treatments for 2 (acute) or 14 (chronic) days

HBOT studied in acute (2 days) and chronic (14 days) colitis; compared to sham treatment, HBOT significantly ameliorated macroscopic, but not microscopic, damage in chronic colitis but not acute colitis; HBOT also significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity (an index of the accumulation of neutrophils) in acute colitis and decreased plasma carbonyl content (a marker of oxidative damage) in chronic colitis

Altinel et al. 2011 [56], Turkey

Rat

40

2.8 ATA 100% oxygen; 90 min treatments; 2 treatments per day for 5 days

Compared to sham treatment, HBOT significantly reduced the severity of colitis as measured by a histopathological score; HBOT also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (a marker of oxidative stress) and neopterin (a marker of cell-mediated immune activation).

Atug et al. 2008 [57], Turkey

Rat

48

2.0 ATA 100% oxygen; 75 min in duration; 2 treatments per day for up to 3 days

Compared to sham treatment, HBOT significantly decreased colitis on microscopic, macroscopic and tissue weight testing; HBOT also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity; HBOT was equivalent to dexamethasone in anti-inflammatory effect

Ercin et al. 2009 [58], Turkey

Rat

36

2.4 ATA 100% oxygen; 1 h duration; 2 treatments per day for 7 days

Compared to sham treatment, HBOT significantly decreased colitis on both microscopic and macroscopic testing compared to control group and prevented weight loss; HBOT also significantly reduced nitric oxide levels

Gorgulu et al. 2006 [59], Turkey

Rat

50

2.8 ATA 100% oxygen; 90 min duration; 2 treatments per day for 3 days

Compared to sham treatment, HBOT significantly reduced histopathologic score of inflammation; HBOT slightly reduced myeloperoxidase activity but not significantly

Gulec et al. 2004 [60], Turkey

Rat

36

2.5 ATA; 90 min duration; 2 treatments per day for 5 days

HBOT significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes, plasma and intestinal tissue; HBOT significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels; HBOT significantly improved histopathological scores

Guven et al. 2009 [61], Turkey

Rat

30

2.8 ATA 100% oxygen; 90 min duration for 3 days

HBOT significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels, nitric oxide levels, TNF-alpha levels, and protein carbonyl content; HBOT significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels; HBOT significantly reduced histological evidence of intestinal injury

Guven et al. 2010 [62], Turkey†

Rat

40

2.8 ATA 100% oxygen; 90 min duration; 2 treatments per day for 4 days

HBOT reduced malondialdehyde levels (non-significantly); HBOT decreased inflammation and edema compared to controls

Nandi et al. 2010 [63], USA

Rat

NR

2.3 ATA 100% oxygen; 1 h duration for 2-5 days

HBOT significantly decreased indomethacin-induced ulceration and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase levels as well as myeloperoxidase activity

Rachmilewitz et al. 1998 [64], Israel

Rat

56

2.4 ATA 100% oxygen; 1 or 7 days in duration

HBOT significantly decreased colonic tissue weight, myeloperoxidase levels, Prostaglandin E2 generation and nitric oxide synthase activity; HBOT significantly decreased colitis on histological examination

Simsek et al. 2011 [65], Turkey††

Rat

20

2.5 ATA 100% oxygen; 60 min duration

HBOT significantly decreased intestinal injury as measured by an apoptosis score and significantly increased protein carbonyl content

Yang et al. 2006 [66], USA

Rat

48

2.3 ATA 100% oxygen; 60 min duration; 1-2 treatments per day for 2 or 5 days

HBOT significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β; HBOT significantly reduced intestinal ulceration; HBOT significantly reduced myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase activities

  1. NR not reported
  2. † publication was only in abstract form
  3. †† only the abstract was in English