Skip to main content

Table 4 Clinical trials published as of June, 2015

From: Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen - comprehensive review of 321 original articles -

Authors/Year

Disease

Sample size

Open-label (OL), double-blind (DB), or single-blind (SB)

Hydrogen administration

Summary of the outcome

Kajiyama et al. [236]/2008

Diabetes mellitus type II

30

DB

Water

Improvement of fractions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and a glucose tolerance test.

Nakao et al. [245]/2010

Metabolic syndrome

20

OL

Water

Improvement of urinary markers for oxidative stress such as SOD and TBARS, and increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol.

Nakayama et al. [311]/2010

Chronic renal failure

29

OL

Dialysis

Amelioration of hypertension and improvement of markers for oxidative stress and inflammation.

Ito et al. [223]/2011

Inflammatory and mitochondrial myopathies

31

OL/DB

Water

OL: Improvement of the serum lactate/pyruvate ratio in mitochondrial myopathies and the serum matrix metalloproteinse-3 level in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

DB: Improvement of the serum lactate.

Kang et al. [281]/2011

Radiation-induced adverse effects for liver tumors

49

OL

Water

Improvement of quality of life (QOL) scores during radiotherapy.

Reduction of blood reactive oxygen metabolites and maintenance of blood oxidation potential.

Ishibashi et al. [218]/2012

Rheumatoid arthritis

20

OL

Water

Improvement of disease activity score for rheumatoid arthritis (DAS28).

Decrease of urinary 8-OHdG.

Aoki et al. [224]/2012

Muscle fatigue

10

DB

Water

Improvement of muscle fatigue in young athletes

Li et al. [216]/2013

Pressure skin ulcer

22

OL

Water

Wound size reduction and early recovery from skin pressure ulcer.

Matsumoto et al. [201]/2013

Interstitial cystitis

30

DB

Water

No significant effect on symptoms.

Reduction of the bladder pain score in 11 % of patients.

Nagatani et al. [106]/2013

Cerebral ischemia

38

OL

Intravenous infusion

Confirmation of safety of intravenous H2 infusion.

Decrease of MDA-LDL, a serum marker for oxidative stress, in a subset of patients.

Shin et al. [45]/2013

UV-induced skin injury

28

OL

Gas

Prevention and modulation of UV-induced skin inflammation, intrinsic skin aging, and photo aging process through reduction of MMP-1, IL-6, and IL-1b mRNA expression.

Song et al. [243]/2013

Hyperlipidemia

20

OL

Water

Decrease of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B100, and apoE

Xia et al. [179]/2013

Chronic hepatitis B

60

DB

Water

Attenuation of oxidative stress

Yoritaka et al. [96]/2013

Parkinson disease

17

DB

Water

Improvement of Total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and exacerbation after termination of H2 water.

Ishibashi et al. [219]/2014

Rheumatoid arthritis

24

DB

Intravenous saline infusion

Improvement of DAS28.

Decrease of serum IL-6, MMP3, CRP, and urinary 8-OHdG.

Ostojic et al. [225]/2014

Sports-related soft tissue injury

36

SB

H2-rich tablets and topical H2 packs

Decrease of plasma viscosity.

Faster recovery from soft tissue injury.

Ostojic et al. [250]/2014

Exercise-induced metabolic acidosis

52

DB

Water

Increased blood alkalinity in physically active men.

Sakai et al. [230]/2014

Vascular endothelial function.

34

DB

Water

Increased flow-mediated dilation of branchial artery, suggesting that H2 can serve as a modulator of vasomotor function of vasculature.

Song et al. [244]/2015

Hyperlipidemia

68

DB

Water

Down-regulation of plasma levels of total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, followed by increased plasma pre-β -HDL, apoM, and decreased plasma oxidized-LDL, apoB100.