Authors/Year | Disease | Sample size | Open-label (OL), double-blind (DB), or single-blind (SB) | Hydrogen administration | Summary of the outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kajiyama et al. [236]/2008 | Diabetes mellitus type II | 30 | DB | Water | Improvement of fractions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and a glucose tolerance test. |
Nakao et al. [245]/2010 | Metabolic syndrome | 20 | OL | Water | Improvement of urinary markers for oxidative stress such as SOD and TBARS, and increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. |
Nakayama et al. [311]/2010 | Chronic renal failure | 29 | OL | Dialysis | Amelioration of hypertension and improvement of markers for oxidative stress and inflammation. |
Ito et al. [223]/2011 | Inflammatory and mitochondrial myopathies | 31 | OL/DB | Water | OL: Improvement of the serum lactate/pyruvate ratio in mitochondrial myopathies and the serum matrix metalloproteinse-3 level in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. |
DB: Improvement of the serum lactate. | |||||
Kang et al. [281]/2011 | Radiation-induced adverse effects for liver tumors | 49 | OL | Water | Improvement of quality of life (QOL) scores during radiotherapy. |
Reduction of blood reactive oxygen metabolites and maintenance of blood oxidation potential. | |||||
Ishibashi et al. [218]/2012 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 20 | OL | Water | Improvement of disease activity score for rheumatoid arthritis (DAS28). |
Decrease of urinary 8-OHdG. | |||||
Aoki et al. [224]/2012 | Muscle fatigue | 10 | DB | Water | Improvement of muscle fatigue in young athletes |
Li et al. [216]/2013 | Pressure skin ulcer | 22 | OL | Water | Wound size reduction and early recovery from skin pressure ulcer. |
Matsumoto et al. [201]/2013 | Interstitial cystitis | 30 | DB | Water | No significant effect on symptoms. |
Reduction of the bladder pain score in 11Â % of patients. | |||||
Nagatani et al. [106]/2013 | Cerebral ischemia | 38 | OL | Intravenous infusion | Confirmation of safety of intravenous H2 infusion. |
Decrease of MDA-LDL, a serum marker for oxidative stress, in a subset of patients. | |||||
Shin et al. [45]/2013 | UV-induced skin injury | 28 | OL | Gas | Prevention and modulation of UV-induced skin inflammation, intrinsic skin aging, and photo aging process through reduction of MMP-1, IL-6, and IL-1b mRNA expression. |
Song et al. [243]/2013 | Hyperlipidemia | 20 | OL | Water | Decrease of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B100, and apoE |
Xia et al. [179]/2013 | Chronic hepatitis B | 60 | DB | Water | Attenuation of oxidative stress |
Yoritaka et al. [96]/2013 | Parkinson disease | 17 | DB | Water | Improvement of Total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and exacerbation after termination of H2 water. |
Ishibashi et al. [219]/2014 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 24 | DB | Intravenous saline infusion | Improvement of DAS28. |
Decrease of serum IL-6, MMP3, CRP, and urinary 8-OHdG. | |||||
Ostojic et al. [225]/2014 | Sports-related soft tissue injury | 36 | SB | H2-rich tablets and topical H2 packs | Decrease of plasma viscosity. |
Faster recovery from soft tissue injury. | |||||
Ostojic et al. [250]/2014 | Exercise-induced metabolic acidosis | 52 | DB | Water | Increased blood alkalinity in physically active men. |
Sakai et al. [230]/2014 | Vascular endothelial function. | 34 | DB | Water | Increased flow-mediated dilation of branchial artery, suggesting that H2 can serve as a modulator of vasomotor function of vasculature. |
Song et al. [244]/2015 | Hyperlipidemia | 68 | DB | Water | Down-regulation of plasma levels of total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, followed by increased plasma pre-β -HDL, apoM, and decreased plasma oxidized-LDL, apoB100. |